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The following are some of the
most traditional Architectural Styles:
Greek Architectural Orders
The ancient Greeks developed three major architectural styles,
or orders, that determined the major features of a temple facade. The
Doric is the oldest and simplest order. The Ionic and Corinthian orders added a
base to the column and developed a more elaborate scheme for the column’s
capital. The entablature (above the columns) also differs in each order.
| Ionic
Columns, |
Ionic columns are
taller and more slender than Doric columns, and are topped by capitals
that resemble scrolls. The Ionic columns shown here are part of the
Propylaea (437-432 BC), a monumental gateway to the Acropolis in Athens,
Greece.
John S. Flannery/Bruce
Coleman, Inc.
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| Doric Columns, |
The Doric Order is the earliest and simplest of the
Greek architectural orders. By the Classical period, when architects
used the Doric order for the Parthenon (447-432 BC), they had devised
rules to govern the proportions of each part of the building’s facade.
The Parthenon’s columns give an impression of graceful solidity and
power.
Jessica Ehlers/Bruce Coleman, Inc.
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| Corinthian Columns |
During the Classical period, the Corinthian order, the
most elaborate of the three Greek architectural orders, was used mainly
for interior columns. However, late in the Hellenistic period the Greeks
began to build temples with Corinthian columns on the exterior, as here
in the Temple of Olympian Zeus, in Athens (174 BC-AD 132). Atop tall,
slender columns are capitals carved with stylized, curling acanthus
leaves.
J. Messerschmidt/Bruce Coleman, Inc.
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